High-Grade Glioma (HGG) – Overview

High-grade glioma (HGG) is a category of aggressive and rapidly growing brain tumors, with glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma being the most common subtypes.

Health Apr 22, 2025 14 Add to Reading List

These tumors are known for their tendency to recur, resistance to standard therapies, and poor prognosis. Although HGG is more frequently observed in adults, it can also occur in children, presenting with distinct clinical and genetic characteristics depending on age. Standard treatment options include surgical removal, radiation, and chemotherapy, though their effectiveness remains limited, underscoring the need for new therapeutic strategies and personalized medicine.

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Epidemiological Segmentation of HGG (2020–2034) – 7MM

Total Incident Cases
Age-Specific Incidence
Incidence by Major Histological Subtype
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) / Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) Cases
Cases with H3 K27M Mutation

HGG Epidemiology (2023 Highlights)

In 2023, the number of High-Grade Glioma cases in the 7 major markets (7MM) was substantial, with the United States reporting the highest incidence of approximately 16,200 new cases.

Within the EU4 and the UK, Germany had the highest case numbers, followed by France, while Spain had the fewest cases.

In the United States, glioblastoma was the predominant diagnosis (~13,100 cases), with anaplastic astrocytoma accounting for about 1,600 cases.

The prevalence of the disease was notably higher in adults compared to pediatric populations, following established age-related trends.

HGG Market Overview

In 2023, the High-Grade Glioma market across the 7MM was valued at approximately USD 800 million.

Market Growth Drivers

Advances in immunotherapy and targeted treatments, such as promising agents like ONC201 and DCVax-L, are reshaping the clinical outlook for HGG.
Increasing knowledge of the molecular and genetic foundations of HGG (e.g., H3 K27M mutation) is driving the development of precision medicine and more personalized therapies.

Market Barriers

The aggressive nature and biological complexity of HGG limit the effectiveness and longevity of current treatments, presenting significant challenges to improving long-term survival rates.
The slow pace of clinical trial success and regulatory hurdles hinder the approval of emerging therapies.

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Emerging Therapies for HGG